Capitano Neri

Luigi Canali (il capitano Neri)
Como 16/03/1912 - 07/05/1945 (?)

Generale di brigata Antonio Neri
Napoli 30/07/1908 - Napoli 08/12/1973

Antonio Neri was born in Naples on July 30, 1908, to Francesco Neri and Lucia Oppio. After obtaining a diploma in accounting, at the age of nineteen he enlisted in the Royal Italian Army as a cadet non-commissioned officer in the 10th Heavy Field Artillery Regiment. During his military career he took part in the major campaigns of the Second World War. After serving in Libya with the 12th Artillery Regiment of the “Savona” Division, he was sent in 1942 to the Russian front with the 201st Artillery Regiment. There he was hospitalized for serious health problems and returned to Italy in February 1943. After the war he continued his career in the Army, settling permanently in Naples with his wife Antonietta and their daughters Giulia, Edda, Carla, and Franca. In 1947 the Army General Staff assigned him a military apartment at Castel dell’Ovo, where he lived with his family until 1957, when they moved to the Vomero district. On December 27, 1964, he was awarded the honor of Knight of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic and retired from service on September 29, 1965, with the rank of Brigadier General. He died in Naples on December 8, 1973. During his youth Antonio Neri formed a friendship with Luigi Canali, who was born in Como on March 16, 1912, to Edoardo Canali and Maddalena Zanoni. Employed at the Como–Brunate funicular company and passionate about foreign languages, Canali served in the military as a signals radiotelegraph operator in the Corps of Engineers, taking part in the Ethiopian campaign and later serving on the Russian front. After the Armistice of September 8, 1943, he joined the Italian Resistance and became one of the leading figures of the Garibaldi Brigades in the Upper Lake Como area. On September 27, 1943, he married Giovanna Martinelli, with whom he had a daughter, Luisella. During the clandestine struggle he first adopted the nom de guerre “Renzo Invernizzi,” later taking the definitive name “Captain Neri,” chosen in tribute to his friend Antonio Neri. In 1944 he was among the founders of the 52nd Garibaldi Brigade and assumed command of the First Garibaldi Division of Lombardy. In January 1945 he was arrested together with the partisan courier Giuseppina Tuissi, known as “Gianna,” but managed to escape from Como Borghi prison after twenty-two days of captivity. In the final days of the war he was among the protagonists of the events that led, between April 27 and 28, 1945, to the arrest and subsequent killing of Benito Mussolini, Claretta Petacci, and numerous officials of the Italian Social Republic in Dongo. During those same days he also took part in compiling the inventories of the large quantities of valuables seized from the Fascist leaders, the so-called “Dongo treasure.” On May 7, 1945, Luigi Canali disappeared under circumstances that have never been fully clarified. A few weeks later, Giuseppina Tuissi met a similarly mysterious fate.

Benito Mussolini
Predappio 29/07/1883 - Giulino 28/04/1945

Clara Petacci
Roma 28/02/1912 - Giulino 28/04/1945

In the spring of 1945, while northern Italy was experiencing the turbulent hours of Liberation and the Fascist regime was collapsing amid the flight of its last leaders, one of the most dramatic and controversial episodes in twentieth-century Italian history unfolded on the shores of Lake Como: the capture and subsequent execution of Benito Mussolini, Claretta Petacci, and numerous officials of the Italian Social Republic, the seizure of valuables and assets carried by the retreating column, and the confiscation of documents of great political significance. Over time, a complex and often contradictory narrative has developed around those events. Alongside the most firmly documented facts, significant areas of uncertainty remain, fueled by partial testimonies, archival gaps, conflicting memories, and divergent interpretations. The discovery of an unpublished memoir, presumably attributable to Luigi Canali, the partisan known by the nom de guerre “Captain Neri”, has brought renewed attention to certain aspects of this story. A leading figure of the Resistance in the Lake Como area, Canali was directly involved in all the operations that followed the interception of the Fascist column and took part in the management and cataloguing of the assets and documents seized in Dongo. His death, which occurred only a few weeks after the Liberation under circumstances that were never fully clarified, further increased the enigmatic nature of his personal story and the value of the information he may have possessed. The memoir, which had belonged to Brigadier General Antonio Neri, a friend of Luigi Canali, was published in its entirety in the book The Other Story, released in 2022. The pages of the document provide an internal testimony of considerable importance concerning the days that marked the end of the Fascist Republic. The text contains revelations about the manner in which Benito Mussolini and Claretta Petacci were executed, descriptions of the circumstances surrounding those decisive hours, and detailed catalogues of the assets, the treasure, and the documents seized from the Fascist leaders in Dong, information never disclosed until now. Alongside these elements, the memoir also presents political indications and interpretations that challenge certain aspects of the traditional historical narrative. The document has been the subject of extensive historical contextualization, documentary verification, and biographical reconstruction, carried out through comparison with archival sources, testimonies, and existing scholarly studies in an effort to assess its coherence and historical significance. Its striking contents contribute to restoring the complexity, ambiguities, and tensions of one of the most delicate turning points in modern Italian history—an episode in which testimonies, documents, and interpretations continue, even today, to be the subject of scholarly debate and historical inquiry.

The volume L’altra storia originated from the need to make public the contents of a memoir of extraordinary historical interest, presumably attributable to the partisan Luigi Canali, known by the nom de guerre “Captain Neri.” The document was inherited by the author, Mario Altieri, from his maternal grandfather, Brigadier General Antonio Neri, who had been a close friend of Canali and whose name inspired the partisan’s chosen battle name. The memoir contains significant revelations concerning crucial events such as the death of Benito Mussolini and Claretta Petacci, the events of Dongo, and the fate of the substantial treasure that accompanied the leaders of the Italian Social Republic as they fled northward on the night between April 26 and 27, 1945. Although it cannot be regarded as definitive historical truth, the document possesses undeniable testimonial value. For this reason, it has been published in full and accompanied by a process of historical analysis, documentary verification, and contextualization carried out through comparison with archival sources, testimonies, and existing studies. The objective is not to offer final conclusions, but rather to provide new elements for evaluating an episode that remains the subject of scholarly debate. After nearly ten years of research and documentary verification, in 2021 Mario Altieri submitted the manuscript to several Italian publishing houses, but received neither a response nor an evaluation on its merits. Such silence appears unusual, especially in light of the documentary nature of the work and the potential historical interest of the materials presented, and suggests a certain editorial caution toward subjects still considered sensitive or controversial. The book was eventually published by the Campanian publishing house Book Sprint Edizioni, which covered the costs of editing and printing. Despite the absence of promotion and its distribution outside the main publishing circuits, the volume attracted a degree of interest among readers, with approximately one thousand copies sold. The relationship with the publisher ended in 2024 due to difficulties in the management of royalties, which led to the decision to continue distributing the work through the print-on-demand system of the Amazon KDP platform. However, the quality of the printed editions produced through this channel proved unsatisfactory, prompting the preparation of a new edition. This second version of L’altra storia appears substantially renewed, with a more refined graphic layout and a significantly expanded historical analysis enriched by new elements that emerged during the research. The book has grown from the 190 pages of the first edition to the current 296 pages, despite the considerably larger format of the volume.

Giuseppe Pardini

Professore associato di storia contemporanea

Enzo Antonio Cicchino

Regista, autore televisivo e scrittore

Giordano Bruno Guerri

Storico, saggista e presidente Fondazione Vittoriale

Massimo Giletti

Giornalista, conduttore e autore televisivo

RICEZIONE DELLA DOCUMENTAZIONE

Documento originale del 23 gennaio 2026

DICHIARAZIONE RICERCHE STORICHE

Documento originale del 9 aprile 2026

For many years Mario Altieri, author of the volume L’altra Storia, devoted careful and meticulous study to the memoir attributed to Luigi Canali, inherited from his maternal grandparents. This was neither an interest born of a sudden impulse nor the result of a historiographical vocation developed over time, but rather the awareness — emerging from the very first readings — that those pages could not be regarded as a simple family remembrance. The events narrated, the names mentioned, and the circumstances described appeared in fact to intertwine with one of the most complex and controversial chapters of twentieth-century Italian history. Publishing the memoir without a rigorous preliminary verification would have been not only imprudent, but also methodologically incorrect. Aware of the limits of his own preparation regarding the subjects addressed, the author therefore embarked upon a long and complex path of research: consulting numerous historical texts, carrying out inspections in the places where the events took place, analyzing official documents, and constantly seeking dialogue with scholars and historians of the period. The greatest difficulties emerged precisely in the attempt to establish a dialogue with the academic and journalistic worlds. Distrust and caution often hindered, and at times prevented, any real possibility of discussion. Only in a few cases was it possible to begin a truly constructive exchange. Among the most significant collaborations, particular mention must be made of Enzo Antonio Cicchino, author and director of RAI documentaries as well as a scholar of the historical period in question. Creator and curator of the YouTube channel Erodoto TV, dedicated to interviews, testimonies, and in-depth studies on the final days of Fascism and the death of Benito Mussolini, Cicchino was among the first to read and analyze the memoir, considering its attribution to Luigi Canali plausible. On May 27, 2021, the author presented a report on the memoir at the Fondazione Ugo Spirito e Renzo De Felice in Piazza delle Muse 25, Rome. The conference was attended by Colonel Pierpaolo Pesce of COVASER, Lieutenant Colonel Emilio Tirone of the Ufficio Storico dell’Esercito, and Professor Giuseppe Pardini, who was also representing Professor Francesco Perfetti, unable to attend due to prior commitments. After examining the contents of the memoir, Professor Giuseppe Pardini expressed the opinion that the document could indeed be attributed to Luigi Canali, issuing a detailed statement reproduced in full in the book. Different, yet entirely understandable, was the position of Professor Francesco Perfetti, a pupil of Renzo De Felice and a rigorous supporter of a research method based exclusively on documentary verification of sources. Perfetti preferred not to express an opinion on the authenticity or attribution of the memoir, believing that, given the current state of knowledge, sufficiently solid documentary evidence for a definitive assessment was still lacking. In August 2025, the author established contact by e-mail with Giordano Bruno Guerri — historian, essayist, and president of the Fondazione Il Vittoriale degli Italiani — agreeing on the possibility of submitting the volume for his opinion. Initially, a personal meeting on Lake Garda was considered, where the author was expected to travel for work reasons; however, due to commitments related to the Festival dannunziano di Pescara, the meeting did not take place. Guerri himself suggested leaving the volume with the Vittoriale’s secretariat, which was subsequently done. The book, in its first edition of approximately 170 pages, was structured for easy consultation. Nevertheless, about two months after delivery, Guerri preferred not to express a judgment, explaining that he had not had sufficient time to read it, being engaged in the writing of one of his own works. A circumstance entirely understandable on a personal level, yet one that reflects a frequent dynamic within academic and cultural circles, where research and publishing priorities inevitably tend to focus on personal projects. In January 2026, the author was contacted by journalist Massimo Giletti who, after reading the first edition of the book and discussing it with Enzo Antonio Cicchino, considered it appropriate to initiate further investigations into the memoir, with the intention of presenting it on the Rai 3 television program Lo Stato delle Cose. To this end, the author provided the editorial staff with two original pages of the document so they could be subjected to technical examination by the competent offices of the Archivio Centrale dello Stato. After more than two months of in-depth analysis of the submitted documentation, it was not possible to reach definitive conclusions, nor were any elements identified that could disprove the authenticity of the memoir. Meanwhile, before the episode dedicated to the subject could be broadcast, Lo Stato delle Cose was unexpectedly cancelled by RAI management, despite the program’s strong ratings and growing public interest. A circumstance that effectively prevented the topic from being publicly discussed in the television context originally intended. The author’s attempts to engage with the academic and journalistic worlds prior to the publication of L’altra Storia essentially end here. It would certainly have been desirable to develop a thorough debate before the dissemination of the memoir — a debate that the author would have welcomed and published in full within the book. Nevertheless, the hope remains that such discussion may emerge in the future, helping to shed further light on the events and documents presented here.